In order to collect a lot of tasty fruits in autumn, vegetable growers often focus on yield and flavor characteristics of a variety. However, these criteria are not the only thing that should be taken into account, because the climatic preferences of the variety are no less important.
Temperature, humidity, the number of sunny days are the determining factors when growing tomatoes. Therefore, it is important to find out which varieties are the best for the Moscow region.
What sort of tomato is better to plant in the Moscow region, based on climate
Choosing a suitable variety for the conditions of the Moscow region, one should take into account the climatic features of this territory:
- temperature jumps;
- the onset of frost in October-November;
- high humidity (78%).
On average, it should take about 3 months from the moment of planting the seeds to the collection of the first ripe fruit. It is also necessary to take into account that the seedlings should grow and become strong until they land in the ground while establishing stable and warm weather. This usually happens at the beginning or in the middle of May, which means that the ideal period for planting seeds is March.Important! Seedlings should be grown only in a greenhouse or greenhouse with suitable temperature conditions, lighting and humidity.
To get a rich harvest in the Moscow region, you should pay attention to the following types of tomatoes:
- "White filling". It is early ripe, very resistant to frost grade. It is easy to grow in regions with harsh weather conditions, as it is unpretentious in care. This is a determinant view, that is, short, does not require the removal of lateral shoots and the construction of supports.
- "Fitous". Gives a good harvest in almost any weather conditions. The plant does not suffer from late blight, the fruits can be stored for a long time, do not deteriorate during transportation. Universally also their use: fresh salads, snacks, vegetable preparations and juices.
- "Alenka". Low-growing, very early hybrid tomato variety. Unpretentious to weather conditions, rarely affected by infections and fungi. The fruits are very juicy, sweet.
- "Ox ear". Indeterminate view with a long harvest period. It is very popular among vegetable growers and gardeners. Fruits are elongated, fleshy, with dense skin, sweet. The variety is considered to be a salad, but you can also make juices, pastes, and canned vegetables from fruits.
- Medoc. Fruits are bright red in color, plum-shaped, ripen early. Bushes are undersized, pasynkovanie is not required, but it is desirable to tie shoots so that they do not crack under the weight of the tomato.
The best varieties of tomatoes for greenhouses
Growing in greenhouses and greenhouses makes it possible to choose indeterminate, tall and more thermophilic varieties of tomatoes. Thus, over the years of hard work and breeding, vegetable growers have identified several best varieties of tomatoes for the Moscow region, which are well suited for growing in the greenhouse, namely:
- "De Barao". The fruits are pleased with the color variety (shades range from pale yellow to raspberry red, sometimes even black), they are equally tasty in unprocessed or canned. Bushes are powerful, tall; it takes an average of 4 months from planting seeds to harvesting the first crop.
- "Pink honey". This is a mid-season, very thermophilic plant with large pink fruits. Most often added to salads, but tolerates storage. Many consider this type of tomato one of the most delicious.
- "Stellate sturgeon". Second grade name "Pudovik". This variety has large (sometimes up to 0.5 kg), raspberry-red fruits of excellent taste. Bushes require a mandatory garter to support, the plant is indeterminate.
- "Verlioka". It is considered one of the most productive varieties of tomatoes - if you adhere to the rules of cultivation and care, up to 18 kg of tomatoes can be obtained from one square meter. In addition, this species does not suffer from many diseases typical for tomatoes: fusarium, brown spot. Due to the compact size of the fruit, they can be eaten fresh and grown on blanks. The variety is suitable for greenhouses in the Moscow region and the middle lane.
- "Pink flamingo". Large (150-200 g), plum-shaped, sweet pink tomatoes. It is due to the taste qualities that tomatoes of this variety are most often consumed fresh, but many of them canned, despite the oblong shape.
Did you know? Israeli breeders crossed a tomato with a lemon, resulting in an unusual fruit of a pink tinge with a slight lemon flavor and rose aroma. He was given the name "Lemato" (lemon + tomato).
When choosing plants for a greenhouse, its features should also be taken into account: what the greenhouse is made of (glass, polycarbonate, film), the level of room lighting, temperature, the presence of heating, etc.
Tomatoes for open ground
The next group of tomatoes ripen perfectly when planted in unprotected ground. These plants include:
- "Demidov". Non-hybrid, determinant, mid-season plant. Fruits are mainly used fresh. Tomatoes are great for growing in the open field in the suburbs.
- "Bull's heart". Very popular variety among gardeners. Tomatoes owe a name to their shape, which is a bit like a heart. Fruits are large, sugar and very tender, therefore not suitable for processing. However, tomatoes are best suited for salads, vegetable cuts, appetizers. Ripe from July to September, green tomatoes are dispensed even in October.
- "Schelkovsky early". This species has some features: tomatoes ripen very quickly, for this reason the plant does not have time to become infected with diseases typical for tomatoes (in particular, late blight). Fruits are medium-sized, they are used more for harvesting, because they are poorly stored.
- "Siberian early". The plant is attributed to the determinant varieties, the fruits ripen early. Tomatoes are red, regular rounded, large and sweet. These tomatoes are often used to make sauces, juices and pastes, due to the high content of dry matter in the fruit.
- "Sultan F1". Mid-season variety that will delight delicious fruits until frost. This type of tomatoes is classified as a salad, so it is best to use them without heat treatment.
Cherry Varieties
Most varieties of "Cherry" are extremely thermophilic plants, because planting them in open unprotected soil is unacceptable. That is why many people like to grow miniature tomatoes on balconies and window sills. However, in the greenhouse, with the observance of the temperature regime and illumination, it is also possible to quite successfully obtain large yields of small sweet fruits.
For growing "Cherry" in the suburbs can consider the following varieties of tomatoes:
- "Honey drop".
- "Mio".
- "Black Beach".
- "Pygmy".
- "Balcony miracle".
- "Children's sweet cream".
- "Bonsai".
- "Lycopa".
Features of planting in open ground in the Moscow region
Although tomatoes need a lot of heat and light, they can be grown in the open field even under the weather conditions of the Moscow Region. However, for the successful cultivation is to adhere to the rules of agricultural engineering.
Soil preparation
Preparing the soil for planting better in the fall. It is necessary to choose the area where the seeds will be sown; It is best to plant tomatoes in the beds after growing cucumbers, cabbage, legumes, dill, onions and carrots.
Important! Avoid planting tomatoes in the beds after peppers, potatoes, eggplants. Also, it is impossible to plant tomatoes in the last year's plot - this increases the risk of plants to become infected and adversely affects the soil.
The plot for tomatoes should be well lit by the sun, be protected from strong gusts of wind, water should not accumulate on it. It is best to dig up the soil in the fall and apply fertilizers: mineral additives (superphosphate, potassium chloride), manure or humus. In spring, the soil must be loosened before planting. 
For additional protection of tomatoes from insect pests near the beds, marigolds and calendula can be planted: the smell of plants does not tolerate bears, weevils, nematodes. However, these flowers are able to inhibit the growth of neighboring plants, so it is important not to overdo it.
Planting seeds
Planting seeds traditionally occurs in March-April. For determinant varieties (stunted), the optimal time for planting will be early-mid-April, but it is better to plant indeterminant varieties (tall) early.
For sowing it is necessary to select the best seeds: not dried up, of the same size, without damage and stains. As a treatment, seeds can be soaked in warm water, then immersed in a solution of potassium permanganate for half an hour. To prepare the soil, it is necessary in equal parts to mix humus, peat and sod land.
The mixture must be poured into a container with a depth of at least 10 cm, moistened with a spray bottle and make indentations 0.5-1 cm at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other. When the seeds are covered with soil, the soil can be sprinkled again. It is worth remembering that different varieties of tomatoes should not be planted in the same container.
To create the greenhouse effect, the seed container should be covered with a film and put in a well-lit place: in 7 days the first shoots will appear. 
Did you know? China is considered the leader in tomato production - 16% of the total number of tomatoes grown in the world is grown annually in the country.
Care and watering
To plant tomatoes in open ground in the suburbs can be when the earth warms up to 15 ° C; This happens in early-mid May. Sometimes during this period frosts occur - to protect the seedlings, it must be covered with a film.
The distance between bushes needs to be calculated based on the type of tomatoes: for determinant varieties, the optimal distance is 30-40 cm, for indeterminant ones it is increased to 60 cm. The depth of the holes is 10 cm. Saplings should be carefully dug out of the container, taking care not to destroy the ground com and not damage root system. After sprinkling with earth, seedlings can be watered and mulched (with straw, grass, leaves).
In the future, tomatoes should be watered regularly; the first watering after transplantation into the soil can be carried out after 1-2 weeks (based on the dryness of the soil). It is necessary to water the bushes under the root - the ingress of moisture on the green part of the plant leads to diseases and shedding of flowers. The need for watering increases during the period of intensive growth of the plant, the formation of the ovary and fruits; Further, the number of irrigation can be reduced.
To saturate the soil with oxygen, as well as to avoid the formation of an earth crust, the ground after irrigation needs to be loosened to a depth of about 4-8 cm. If the roots appear at the surface of the soil, the bush needs hilling - thanks to the procedure, the plant forms new roots through which more nutrients enter . Hilling will also allow moisture to remain in the ground longer and enrich it with oxygen.
Tomatoes need several supplements per season (3-4 times on average). As fertilizers can be used:
- saltpeter;
- phosphorus-containing mixtures;
- chicken manure or mullein;
- ash.
Harvesting
Terms of fruit picking are determined by the variety of tomatoes. In the Moscow region it is possible to plant early and mid-season varieties, therefore, the first fruits can be collected in the second half of June. It is allowed to pluck fully shaped, slightly reddened fruits - in 1-2 weeks they will reach the required maturity, while the taste indicators will not deteriorate. Unformed fruits can not be plucked - they are almost not stored and quickly rot. 
Active harvesting of tomatoes begins in August, as most plants in this period die off the stem and leaves. It is important to harvest the entire crop (even green fruits) before the period when the temperature drops below 10 ° C, otherwise the tomatoes will not be well prepared. If the fruits remain on the bushes at a temperature of 5 ° C, they can quickly rot.
Tomatoes occurs in warm (about 25 ° C) rooms with good air circulation. It is necessary to inspect the fruits regularly and in time extract those on which signs of diseases began to appear, in order to secure the rest of the harvest.
So, you learned what varieties of tomatoes are suitable for the Moscow region: for cultivation in the open field and for greenhouses, considered the features of planting in unprotected soil, the rules of planting care. As you can see, there is nothing particularly difficult in this. We wish you a good harvest!
