Peanut (peanut) is a tasty and at the same time healthy food, in which there is a large complex of important elements for the body. This plant is quite unpretentious, but very few people know how to grow peanuts and provide it with proper care.
Optimum terms for landing
Experienced agronomists are confident that the most suitable time to plant peanuts in open ground is May: at this time the soil is already warm enough and will not harm the seeds. However, you should still focus on the growing region. If there are frosts in your area even at the end of spring, it is better to postpone the landing to the beginning of summer. 
Choosing a place
Before you plant a peanut, you need to find a good place in the garden and create optimal conditions for it.
When choosing a place it is important to consider that photophilous plantHowever, a little shading is also calm. For spring planting, it is imperative that the site get rid of snow and dry as soon as possible. Cold winds are reflected negatively on yields.
Did you know? For the first time peanuts came to us in 1792, it was brought from Turkey. Today, this plant is grown on a large scale in China, India, Nigeria, Indonesia.
Lighting
Peanuts love light and warmth. Even the slightest shading will lead to the rapid growth of the plant, slowing the development of vegetative organs, as well as reducing the number of fruits. The need for heat is maintained throughout the growing season.
The soil
Since peanuts grow directly in the ground, its quality and structure are key. This plant needs soil with neutral pHwhich is rich in calcium and magnesium. Ideal - light and very loose earth, which passes air and water well. In addition, it should be some amount of sand. Before planting, the soil is necessarily enriched with organic matter. 
Predecessors
For a good harvest, not the last place is occupied by plants that previously grew on this earth. Peanuts develop best after cabbage, tomatoes, potatoes and cucumbers. But legumes, on the contrary, may lead to the development of rot on the roots, so it is better to refrain from planting peanuts in their place.
Peas, beans and beans are frequent guests on our table. And legumes such as vetch, alfalfa and sainfoin are used as animal feed.
Site preparation before planting
Basic soil preparation is layered stubblethat will allow to remove the weeds as much as possible, and to raise the zyabi to a depth of 30 cm. The first works are carried out immediately after the harvesting of the predecessors, the depth of the first treatment is 6 cm, the second is deeper: by 11 cm.
In early spring, harrowing is carried out across or diagonally. Early treatment is carried out during the emergence of annual weeds. Cultivation should be carried out only on dry land, it is recommended to do it 30 minutes before sowing.
Important! The possible occurrence of morning frosts can lead to the death of the plant, therefore at the first time after planting it is recommended to cover the crops at night with film or agrofibre.
Scheme and depth of sowing peanuts
Landing peanuts in open ground is best done in a square-nesting way. Most often use the scheme 60 × 60 cmhowever, no one forbids planting in other ways, for example, wide-row, when the width between rows is 65 cm, and the distance between plants is 20 cm. 
To obtain good seedlings, only large seeds are used, which are planted to a depth of 7 cm. At least three seeds are recommended to be placed in each well.
Complete planting abundant irrigation. Water pressure should be low, so as not to erode the soil and not bare the seeds. It is better to repeat the manipulation several times before the pools appear in the beds.
Care and cultivation cultivation
The main agrotechnical methods for the successful cultivation of peanuts are watering, feeding, hilling and loosening the soil. Of course, we should not forget about the protection of plants from weeds and the prevention of diseases and pests.
Watering, weeding and loosening
Ground peanuts are watered as needed, the plant loves moisture, but not when the land is too wet. During flowering, it is better to carry out wet procedures twice a week. Do it better in the morning. After the flowers disappear, watering can be reduced, at this time it is recommended to carry out more spraying. Similar procedures are carried out in the evening and do it every other day.
Did you know? In America, it is forbidden to bring peanuts on board an aircraft - this is due to the fact that many people have a hidden allergy to this product, and indoors it can cause a strong spasm in the bronchi and even be fatal.
Weeding should be carried out often, so that the weeds do not clog peanuts and do not absorb nutrients. Loosening is carried out after each irrigation in order to increase the amount of oxygen in the ground, as well as to reduce the evaporation of moisture. 
Fertilization
Peanut positively responds to the introduction of mineral fertilizers into the earth.
On average, the need for batteries in the phases of development is as follows:
- seedlings before the appearance of three leaves - phosphorus;
- branching - potassium and nitrogen;
- the appearance of buds - nitrogen;
- flowering period - phosphorus;
- bobo formation - nitrogen and potassium.
Decorative relatives of the peanuts from the family of legumes are mimosa, caragana, acacia, wisteria, lupine.
Hilling bushes
Throughout the growing season, peanuts are spud about five times. The correctness and frequency of execution directly affect the yield. The first time such work is carried out on the tenth day after the completion of the flowering period, when the fruitful shoots sink into the ground.
Before creating a sufficiently high slides (6 cm), it is recommended to carefully water the ground. This will increase the number of tiers in which the future harvest will be laid. In the future, earthing up is carried out every 10 days. 
Pest and disease control
To avoid the defeat of chalcosporosis, you need to monitor crop rotation and isolate new crops from last year’s crops. If this does not help, it is recommended to treat the area with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture or available substitutes. In order for plants not to fall ill with Fusarium wilt, cabbage cultures should be included in the crop rotation.
Peanuts can suffer from powdery mildew, alternariosis, phyllossticosis and gray mold. Get rid of these problems by handling approved fungicides. Dusting earth with ash or tobacco is suitable against aphids and caterpillars.
Harvesting and storage
Begin harvesting when the leaves change color. The beans are dug out of the ground, separated from the stems and laid out on a flat surface, on which the sun's rays do not fall, for drying. After the shell dries, take out nuts from it.
Important! Violation of the technology of cultivation, as well as improper storage can lead to the accumulation of aflatoxins in the nuts in the nuts. They cause allergies or other diseases. Such substances are caused by mold.
After harvesting, it is worth considering how to store peanuts at home. 
In order to extend the storage time, you need to consider the following factors:
- Humidity. The most important factor, since an overabundance of moisture spoils the fruit and makes it unsuitable for consumption. In addition, such conditions lead to the appearance of a parasitic mold.
- Heat. The higher the temperature in the room where the crop is stored, the more intense the metabolic processes. They slow down only at temperatures up to 5 degrees.
- Nut ripeness level. With the wrong harvest, when they continue to undergo active physiological processes, proper storage is impossible. As a result, the nuts will deteriorate very quickly.
- Impurities. The presence of a large amount of minerals and other particles may result in hot spots that will damage the entire crop as a result.
- Microflora. The presence of fungi and bacteria has a different effect on nuts. Most often they lead to the appearance of disease. Moreover, the presence of even a few diseased nuts lowers the quality of the entire batch, as it is quickly passed on to others.
It is best to store peanuts in a dry room that is ventilated with cooled air.
