The opening of the summer fruit season begins with a wonderful sweet cherry.
It is believed that the sweet cherry is a heat-loving plant that grows only in the southern regions.
Time passes, and science does not stand still.
Thanks to the tireless work of breeders, this southern beauty has long been settled in our places.
We will teach you how to get such a revered culture in your garden in a short time.
Brief description of sweet cherry varieties
For each tree, and fruit too, it is very important to choose the climatic conditions of growth, irrigation regime and the necessary soil. These are conditions that directly affect the establishment of young trees, their further growth, development and, most importantly, fruiting.
Each variety of sweet cherries has its own individual characteristics and is distinguished by the taste of the berries, their ripening period and size. We describe most popular and common varieties this miracle tree.
Early ripe sweet cherry - the most popular variety, which sows at the beginning of summer and is self-productive. The tree in this species is sprawling and vigorous, the distinguishing feature of which is the presence of fairly large buds. This species tolerates moniliasis and cancer of the seed stone. Starts to give a crop from 4-5 years after disembarkation.
Variety early maturing Valery Chkalov is an authoritative variety of sweet cherry, having a strong-growth tree with a crown in the form of a pyramid, which changes its shape and becomes more spreading in the process of aging. This species tolerates diseases very well, but absolutely does not like low temperature, because the winter resistance of flower buds is very low.
Woman resident - a type of medium ripening of sweet cherries, which belongs to winter-hardy and drought-resistant varieties. Its fruits ripen to the middle of June.
Large fruit - Late sweet cherries, which ripen by the end of June and have a high tolerance of low temperatures. In this variety of fruit tree transportable berries that are well stored. A distinctive feature of large-fruited cherries is its high annual yield.
It is also interesting to read about the varieties of late-ripening cherries.
Fruit
Cherry berry - This is one of the most useful fruit fruits, which is rich in a variety of vitamin and trace elements. This berry is a storehouse of carotene, nicotinic acid, coumarin and oxycoumarin, vitamin C, B1, B6, K, E, PP, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, copper, phosphorus and iodine, as well as many other valuable microelements. It contains salicylic acid, fiber and substance - amygdalin, which helps the stomach to recover.
All varieties of sweet cherries differ among themselves in the size of a berry, its color and taste. We describe fruits of the most common varieties.
Yellow fruit varieties Farmhouse one-dimensional, rather large, about 6-8 g, differ in a heart-shaped form with a strongly pronounced furrow. Half of the berry is covered with a bright red blush. The fruits of this variety do not crack in rainy weather. All berries have a sweet dessert taste and have a delicate, juicy, slightly cartilaginous flesh.
Round-shaped fruits of the variety Valery Chkalov they are distinguished by large sizes, which reach up to 7-9 g. At the top of each berry there is a gray dot with a knoll at the furrow. Ripe fruits have a dark red, almost black color of the berries, juice and pulp.
Yellow, one-dimensional berries Summer Residents they are rather large (8-7g), have a sweet-sour taste and have a beautiful rounded-heart-shaped form with a rounded top of the fruit and a depression at the base; the berry also has a small wide fossa and an inconspicuous small seam on the abdomen. The berries have a melting, juicy, tender flesh that has a pleasant cream color. Juice berries colorless. The stem of the berries is medium, which is easily separated from the berries.
Very large, widely rounded, dark red fruits Large fruit variety of sweet cherry. The mass of berries reaches from 10 to 18.2 g of weight. The berries have a dimple at the root and a rounded, slightly depressed top, as well as a wide shallow fossa and inconspicuous seam on the abdomen. The fruits have a sweet and sour, cartilaginous, juicy flesh, which is easily separated from the stone.
A very interesting factor characterizing a sweet cherry fruit tree is the ripening time of certain varieties of berries. Owning certain knowledge of varieties of sweet cherry varieties, one can attain a continuous harvest of this tasty and healthy fruit, which will continue to be collected for several months, in its garden plot.
Ripening
Sweet cherry is enough demanding fruit treeThe varieties of which, depending on the ripening period, can be divided into several groups. In the first group can be attributed cherries of early ripening periods, in the second group - medium ripening terms, and in the third group - late maturity.
To early varieties of sweet cherry include varieties: Valery Chkalov, Lasunya, Debut, Ruby Early, Vyznannya, Melitopol Early, Homestead, Melitopol Red, Fairy Tale, Era, Chance, Electra. These varieties ripen in late May and ripen until early June.
TO middle ripening period The varieties of cherries include: Dachnitsa, Vinka, Dilemma, June Early, Zabut, Dniprovka, Izyumnaya, Mirage, Rival, Prostor, Tavrichanka, Talisman, Totem, Epic. Mid-season varieties of sweet cherries ripen in mid-June.
TO late cherries include: Milestone, Announcement, Marvelous, Anshlag, Friendship, Spark, Zodiac, Cosmic, Favorite Turovtseva, Large-fruited, Meotida, Melitopol black, Orion, Prestigious, Temporion, Romance, Surprise. All late sweet cherries ripen until the middle or even the end of July.
Tree
Cherry Fruit Tree - these are rather tall trees, which belong to the genus of pink cherries. The tree itself grows with erect high crown and has a fairly light colored bark, with light green long serrated oval leaves. Cherry blossoms white color since march. Cherries are usually long-lived trees whose lifespan lasts up to 100 or even 300 years.
Cherry plant is often affected by all sorts of pests, such as thyroid gland, tick, weevil, and diseases such as cocomicosis, cholerosis, moniliosis.
Cherries are attributed to trees that tolerate droughts well, and an excess of moisture in the summer leads to freezing of the plant in the winter. Cherry tree has a deep rhizome, which very often gives rise to shoots. Sweet cherry requires a considerable area for food. It also does not tolerate closeness of groundwater, which can cause root rot, and prefers suspended light soils.
it light tree, which in the shade gives a bad harvest and strongly pulled up. Usually, cherries normally tolerate unstable low temperatures, and the tree itself does not require shelter on open ground.
Yield
The cherry tree belongs to the self-bearing trees, which are excellent bear fruit during cross pollination. To this end, in the garden are planted several simultaneously flowering varieties of sweet cherries. A good cherry pollinator is often a cherry.
The yield of the tree begins at 4-5 year after the planting of young seedlings. The fruiting of cherries largely depends on the method of reproduction of this tree.
Sweet cherry propagated by sowing, and the cultivated forms - grafting. Trees obtained by seed multiplication begin to bear fruit several years later. They inoculate cherries most often on antipka cherries and wild cherry seedlings. Rarely used clone stocks.
A tree grafted onto cherries bears less time than a cherry tree grafted on cherry seedlings.
A very convenient grafting variant is possible, in which different cherries, different ripening periods, are added to one fruit tree.
Virtues
TO the merits of the tree sweet cherries can be attributed to the good taste of the berries, convenient terms of fruit ripening, which, if properly selected, will provide fresh fruits for several months. Sweet cherry berries are also very transportable, and are well kept.
Cherry is a fast-growing tree, which has good annual fruiting and excellent productivity, which will very quickly reimburse the cost of planting a garden and will serve as a source of good income.
disadvantages
Like all fruit trees, sweet cherry has its drawbacks, knowing about which you can avoid many problems associated with the care and cultivation of this fruit tree.
TO imperfections of the tree Its strength can be attributed - the tree grows quite high, and this often complicates harvesting, so you must consider when choosing a seedling of a stock tree and regularly pruning.
The cherry tree also does not like rainy weather and excess moisture - this leads to root rotting, cracking of berries and freezing of the plant in winter. Sweet cherry is a very fragile plant, which is strongly loved by all sorts of pests and diseases.
Features care for the variety
Knowing the features of sweet cherries and properly caring for them, one can later grow a rather beautiful and fertile tree. This wonderful culture that requires careful and caring attitudeOnly in this way will she reward the gardener with a good harvest every year.
Pruning
Cherry tree distinguished by its rapid growth, its height can reach 15 meters. At the same time, the tree itself weakly branches and without pruning fruit shoots are shifted to the periphery of the crown. And at this height, the fruit is poorly protected from birds and cherry flies.
Thus, forming a crown, an annual tree pruned in spring 40 cm above the grafted area on a triple or germ kidney. Also remove all the emerging shoots, leaving only the apical one and two - at the same level on both sides of the trunk.
After a couple of months, the shoots are tied at 45 degrees to the rail, and a month later, when the young twigs grow stronger and grow to 45 cm, the main conductor is cut into a ring, and cut grease garden putty.
AT next three years to create a symmetrical shape, trees are pruned heavily. In the summer, cherries with a fan crown on a tree remove to the base all the shoots growing to the side. As soon as there are 4-6 leaflets on young branches, which do not participate in the formation of the crown, they are pinned to stop growth.
AT poor yield cherries, fan-shaped, cut off its roots. This slows the growth of culture and stimulates the formation of new shoots. It often happens that older trees require the replacement of one of the skeletal branches.
Such a replacement is made by tying a growing branch from the side to the place of the old branch; the old branch is cut at the end of summer by a ring, after cutting the cut with a garden bale.
But it should be noted that inept pruning can do a lot of damage to a treeand even ruin it. Therefore, for beginners, gardeners are strongly recommended in the early spring, before the buds swell, to carry out only sanitary pruning of broken and dry branches, as well as thinning the crown.
Fertilizers
Without top dressing the productivity of any fruit tree and the cherry tree also decreases. The supply of nutrients in the soil must be constantly replenished. Fertility support, making various fertilizers.
Experienced gardeners recommend making a cherry organic fertilizer, it can be compost, superphosphate and potassium sulphate. This dressing is done in the fall, once every three years. In the spring, it is advised to feed trees of ammonium nitrate and nitrogen, this contributes to increasing the yield of the tree.
Still, to improve fruiting, before blooming, the tree is sprayed with a solution of water and honey in proportion - 1 tablespoon of honey is added to 10 liters of water.
Watering
It is not a secret for anyone that any top dressing gives the greatest effect in combination with proper irrigation. Regular and abundant, but moderate, watering cherries provide a stable yield and development of this crop.
If the soil has dried up during the ripening period, watering should be stopped, since excess moisture will help the cracking of the sweet cherry.
Before the first buds they produce the first watering of cherries, the second - after the end of flowering 15-20 days, the third - before harvesting for 15-20 days, but not during their ripening, the last - in the fall in the fall foliage.
Winter
Cherries very thermophilic plantwhose preparation for the winter begins in the summer. So, in order to avoid freezing of the plant, nitrogen fertilizers are stopped from the beginning of summer, and the introduction of potash fertilizers, on the contrary, increases.
A phosphate fertilizer introduced in September is also prepared for wintering. This allows the tree to be protected from lowering the air temperature.
For the same purpose, from the middle of summer, watering of fruit trees is stopped. Should also prevent the tree from various diseases, as this, in turn, significantly reduces frost resistance.
Diseases, pests
Cherries simply adore various pests and diseases. Therefore, it requires special attention and care.
The greatest harm to the tree cherries brings aphids, which appears on the tops of shoots in May. In order to avoid its reproduction, the tree is sprayed with Aktofit, a solution of soapy water and tobacco, as well as chemical preparations Konfidor or Bi-58. Such processing is carried out before picking berries for 20 days.
Middle and late sweet cherry loves cherry fly. Reliable protection against this pest is the drug Karate, Decis, Confidor or Arrivo. Jays and Starlings are lovers of early sweet cherries. Only the protective net hung on the branches or the mulberry tree planted nearby can protect the tasty fruits of the tree from feathered gourmets.
Sweet cherry also highly susceptible to fungal diseases. From them, the plant will save the treatment with drugs Topaz, Strobe, Horus or Bordeaux mixture.
It is important to know that cherries are very fond of heat, so it’s not a windy, sunny and open place on the southern or south-western slope with a loose, well-absorbed, drained soil, as this culture does not like sandy soil.
Features of planting varieties
Landing time
Cherry trees are planted before the buds swell early springwhile the air temperature should not be less than 0 ° C. Pit under the landing they are still being prepared in the autumn by adding fertilizers mixed with the soil into it. The pit rumbles about 1m wide and 70 cm deep. Observing all the subtleties of caring for cherries, you can very soon get a good harvest of this beautiful southern culture.
