Perhaps there is no person who does not like the sweetly sour taste of apples. An apple is a very ancient fruit, and also very useful. This fruit is involved in many fairy tales and myths, starting with the very first biblical legend of Adam and Eve.
Not just an apple has become a mythical and fabulous fruit, which appears in many legends.
This is a very beautiful and tasty fruit. It is rich enough in vitamins and microelements.
This is the only fruit that can be stored for a long time - almost until the next harvest.
An apple is a panacea for all diseases. Regularly consuming apples, a person provides himself with the strongest immunity. In addition, this fruit in the form of baked or grated treats stomach pain, poisoning and other disorders of the body.
In the world there are so many varieties of apple fruit tree. We will stop and talk about those varieties that are the best fruit and develop in the middle climate zone.
Description of varieties
Apple tree The garden is one of the most basic trees needed for a real garden. Everyone knows that for the best ripening and acclimatization of fruit trees, as well as their abundant fruiting, the correct selection of the desired variety is the most important - the varieties which suit these climatic features, soil and place of growth are suitable.
The average climatic zone is distinguished by frosty winters and a rather low temperature in the cold season, as well as high humidity. Therefore, it is very important for her to choose frost-resistant varieties of any trees, including apple trees.
To varieties of apple trees that grow best in climatic middle zone This includes apple varieties: Alesya, Antya, Antonovka Dessert, Antonovka New, Antonovka Vulgaris, Summer Arcades, Arkadik, Aphrodite, Aelita, Grandma, Banana, Velvet, Belarusian Synapse, Belarusian Raspberry, Belarusian Sweets, Belfler Chinese, Seedless Michurinian Beaver, Beetroot, Belarusian Raspberry, Belarusian Sweets bogatyr, bolotovskoe, borovinka, boleninka pineapple,
bratchud (brother of the miraculous), cowberry, bryansk, currency, venyaminovskoe, verbnae, vesyalina, veteran, cherry, mountain-altai, pearka moscow, early pear, darunak, dessert, childish, macintosh daughter, elena, desired, Zhiguli, pyramid , winter undersized, golden autumn, Zorynka, Iksha, IMANT, IMRUS, Kandil Ostrovsky, Cypress, Chinese early golden, Chinese Ker, Kovalenko, carpet, candy, Korean (autumn undersized),
cinnamon striped, cinnamon new, boxing, beauty of the garden, red summer, Kulikovo, Kurnakovskoye, radiant, fry, mantte, medunitsa, Orlovsky pioneer, Melba, dream, Minsk, memory of Isaev, Moscow (green), Moscow winter, Moscow necklace, Moscow later, nadzeyny, eagle, pouring white, folk, undersized, Olympic, Orlik, Oryol Polesye, autumn scarlet, autumn joy, memory of Tikhomirov, memory of the soldier, memory of Isaev,
memory Kovalenko, memory of Sikora, memory of Syubarova, papirovka, pepin saffron, pioneer, plastun, gift to the Count, snowdrop, multivitamin, striped Oryol, prompek, president, mundane, rashid, Christmas, Russian, sugar miron, northern synapse, glory to the overworkers ( to the winners), Slav, Slav, Sokolov, sun, stroevskoe, student, suylepskoe, syabryna, tatyanin day, triumph, Ural bulk, delight,
Welsey, Charavnitsa, Chapnikovskoe, Chelkash, Celandine, Apple Saved, marvelous, crocus, elite 3-5-16 (Isaev's gift), elite 6M-1-3, jubilee biofaka, young naturalist, amber necklace.
All of these varieties are divided into specific groups, such as summer varieties, late summer varieties, autumn varieties and winter varieties. All varieties of apples differ among themselves by the time of ripening of fruits, their size and taste.
It is also interesting to read about the varieties of cherries for the middle band
Fruit
Apples are useful and rather tasty fruits, rich in vitamins and microelements. These wonderful fruits contain A and C vitamins, B vitamins, iron, flavonoids, fiber, malic and tartaric acid, pectin. All these elements are necessary for the normalization of digestion, growth, normalization of the nervous system, and also contribute to the metabolism and cardiovascular system.
The taste and size of its fruit, its ripening period and storage time depend on the variety of apple trees. Dwell on the description of the most popular varieties of apples for an average climatic strip.
Variety Antey has medium flat-rounded fruits (150 g), yellow in color with very juicy white sweet-sour pulp, which has a pleasant faint aroma. Consume the fruits of Anthea from December to April.
Sort Antonovka the dessert has large flat-rounded greenish-cream-colored fruits with a conical top, with a weight of each fruit about 150-200 g. These are the most juicy sour-sweet fruits that are seasoned in early autumn.
Antonovka apples common are different, both medium and large (100-250 g). They grow light yellow, sweet-sour taste with very juicy and fragrant pulp.
The average fetus has apple arcade summerthat ripen at the end of the summer. The fruit has a glass-like shape, which is slightly truncated-conical to the top, in a greenish-yellow color, and at the same time it has a yellowish-white, rather juicy flesh of fresh-sweet taste. Summer arcade is different in that its fruits are very small (7-10 days) are stored in a torn form.
Medium size have beveled wide ribbed fruit. varieties Aphrodite (125 g) These greenish-yellow apples have a delicate, smooth, oily, shiny skin and dense white, with pink streaks of fine-grained juicy sour-sweet pulp. The fruits ripen in early autumn and store them in the fridge until the end of December.
Light yellow flat-round Banana variety fruits apples differ in average size (ca. 140g) and a blurred delicate blush on the sides. They have yellowish-white flesh, which is thick, juicy, sweet-sour to the taste. Eat the fruits of this variety in December - May.
Chinese Belle Fler has large and very large rounded oval, slightly ribbed apples (up to 800g). The fruits of this variety are light green in color, which ripening at first whitens, and then turns pink with red and pink stripes. The fruits are quite juicy, dense, with fine-grained snow-white, sour-sweet pulp and a pleasant taste. Gather the fruits early in the fall, storing them until November.
Fruit apple trees Veteran ripen in early autumn and stored until early spring. These are large, slightly flattened fruits, slightly conical on top (140-160 g), have a greenish yellow color with specks and orange stripes on a large part. The flesh of the fruit is soft and juicy, brownish-yellow in color, possessing a sweet sourish taste.
Variety Grushivka Moscow has small fruits (25-50g), forms of flat-rounded ribbed, greenish-yellow color with red-pink specks and stripes. The fruits are very tender and juicy, sweet and sour with a persistent aroma.
Fruit varieties Zaryanka differ in size larger than the average, rounded in a slightly flattened form, having a light cream color with red stripes and a gentle flush. It has a flesh of white color, sweet sour taste with a pleasant strong aroma.
Variety Golden Autumn it is distinguished by large light yellow fruits with a white, very juicy, sour-sweet meat. Crop harvested by September and stored for about a month.
Fruits Chinese early golden roundish, rather small (30-40g), have a golden yellow color with small dots. Their pulp is creamy, juicy, very aromatic, sour-sweet and pleasant to the taste. Collect fruits in July and use for 7-10 days, because they are not stored.
White filling has medium light, yellowish-white apples, rounded-conical shape. The flesh of the fruit is greenish-white with a sweet-sour taste. Fruit is removed in the middle of summer and stored no more than 15 days.
Paping It has medium slightly flattened, rounded-conical fruits with a seam, which have a very thin light yellow skin. The flesh of the fruit is white, sweet and sour, has a mild aroma. Fruit is eaten in August. They are stored for a long time - only 14-15 days.
Fruit Slavyanka have excellent taste and fairly dense, shiny, very oily, golden-yellow skin. These are low-ribbed flat-rounded fruits of medium size with sweet juicy white flesh, which are torn in the middle of autumn and stored until the middle of winter, or even March.
Fruits Saffron varieties - These are large homogeneous round-conical fruits with wide ribs. Apples have a greenish-yellow color, with a rich blush on the whole fruit. Their flesh is slightly greenish, juicy, pleasant sweet with a sour taste. Ripen apples in the middle of autumn and stored until mid-February.
Tree
All trees of fruit trees differ among themselves in the form of crown, height of growth, taste of fruits and the term of their ripening. In order to choose the right apple tree, you need to know exactly what your garden needs and what shape and size of the tree will be suitable for it.
There are Cordon and Colony-shaped trees, they occupy a minimum area in the garden, dwarf-shaped trees, which occupy medium and small areas, as well as medium and tall trees, which occupy large and medium areas. From what size of the planting area, will depend on what size and shape of the crown you choose a tree.
Virtues
The advantages of all varieties of apples, most suitable for planting in moderate climatic conditions, include their increased resistance to various diseases, as well as abundant fruiting of most varieties. With the right choice of a sapling and the time of its disembarkation, all the varieties of apple trees are well accustomed and rather abundantly bear fruit.
disadvantages
Among the common shortcomings of apple fruit trees for the middle climatic band are their instability against scab diseases, which greatly damages the tree and may even lead to its death. Among the disadvantages of this species, it should also be noted the poor tolerance of low temperatures, which, as a result, requires the protection of these fragile trees from frost.
Care features
Our garden pets require care and care. And how to do it right now, we will tell you.
Pruning
Pruning the branches of an apple tree is the basis for the care of this wonderful tree. To a young tree a crown is formed annually. By following this rule with proper pruning, early fruiting can be achieved. In addition, properly pruned trees will live longer, they will not be afraid of low temperatures and will be more productive.
First pruning tree occurs before the buds swell in early spring in the second year after planting. For growth and the formation of lateral branches cut off the main vertical trunk. Such circumcision also stops the rapid growth of the tree. Last year's growth is pruned annually in the spring by a third of the length - this stimulates the formation and growth of fruit bearing branches.
On the tree also thinned ovary and fruit. This is done immediately after their formation, while removing the fruit located in the center of the beam. All fruits of irregular shape with flaws are also subject to removal. In the case of severe congestion of the apple, in order to avoid the frequency of fruiting, thin out each tuft of the ovary, while leaving one or two fruit.
Fertilizer
Fruit trees, including apple trees, need regular fertilization. This provides the tree with normal growth and stable yield. In the absence of a sufficient amount of the necessary substances in the ground, the trees do not grow, their leaves turn yellow, the fruits form poorly and the fruits do not grow in color, and the shoots do not grow and the buds do not develop.
To avoid all these phenomena, the tree must be fed fertilizers, which are divided into organic and mineral.
Organic fertilizers are manure and all kinds of composts that are applied annually. Mineral fertilizers include nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate and potash. They make a certain pattern and in a certain proportion.
Watering
Of considerable importance for the development and growth of any tree is the sufficient moisture content of the soil on which the plant grows. Especially young people need only watering, and only planted seedlings that are watered 3-4 times in the summer, pouring three or four buckets of water onto one stem. After that, watered ground mulch humus or loose soil.
Apple trees are abundantly watered in a dry summer. It is produced in early spring before bud break, 20 days after flowering, 20 days before harvest and foliage fall. During the period of ripening of the fruits, watering is stopped, as watering may lead to their cracking.
Winter
To winter temperatures, the pristvolny soil of apple trees is mulched with the help of humus, peat, or compost, and also spud. To protect against hares and other rodents, the tree trunk is tied with branches of spruce, with this purpose also use strips of parchment or reed.
At the same time, the tree is protected from rodents every winter for five years, this happens until the trees are stronger and their bark becomes rough. Young trees are whitened with a solution of chalk, and more mature ones with a solution of lime. During the thaw, snow is trampled down around the tree.
Landing features
Pits for trees prepared a month before planting. This is necessary for shrinking soil. Young plants are planted in the fall and spring. If other cultures grew at the tree planting site, it is not worth feeding the soil, as this will greatly stimulate the growth of the young plant.
When planting it is necessary to ensure that the neck of the root peeks out 6 cm above the ground, while the roots are straightened and covered with earth, which is compacted with either a foot or some kind of weighting agent. After that, the tree is abundantly watered and tied up. It is very good to plant seedlings in the dirt and pre-watered pit.
All life on our planet loves care and care. Give all this to the trees, and they will gratefully treat you every year to a bountiful harvest.
