Many people believe that the Far East, if it knows what grapes are, is forced to be content with what they bring from the Black Sea region. Well, or North-resistant varieties that will not surprise anyone. If you think so, then you know nothing about Tien Shan grapes.
In the grape regions we are accustomed to - Crimea, Moldova, Ukraine - this is a miracle of nature where you can hardly find anything. And who of the varieties, tell me, are there such cute berries, weighing almost fifty grams? Yes, yes, this is not a typo, namely fifty. How did the Japanese manage to achieve this?
What kind is it?
This is a very young dining hybrid form of white grapes with an early-average ripening period. The harvest has ripened by the beginning of autumn - in China and Japan, but in the south of the former USSR - not earlier than mid-September.
At the moment, tests for survival in our conditions are underway, and therefore not much is known about him.
Obviously, special knowledge is required, which is what the experts want to confirm - without them, the Russian territory of Tien Shan is so disliked that it doesn’t always want to start, not like hinting at the harvest.
It is known that berries satisfactorily tolerate storage and transportation. This raisin is especially good in its natural form - huge berries are filled with unobtrusive sweet and at the same time refreshing contents with lemon and honey notes.
Among the sushmies grown on the territory of Russia one should pay attention to the Kishmish Century, Attica and Arsenyevsky.
Tien Shan grapes: description
Bush vigorous. The clusters are very large, on average 1.2 - 1.5 kg, can reach 2 or even 3 kilos in weight. Not peas Such a “scatter” in the mass is explained simply: the Japanese use a large number of growth stimulants, among which gibberellin stands out.
In addition, agronomists have resorted to the tricks: thinning the berries, a strong "relief" of the bushes, while agricultural technology remains at its best.
The Original, Delight and Bazhena can boast of similar large clusters.
The berries are oval, 16–20 g on average (in Russia and Ukraine; in Japan they can reach 45), the skin is thin, strong, easily eaten, literally “melts” in the mouth.
The flesh is juicy, fleshy, with a refreshing taste, seedless. The leaf is large, dark green, rounded, medium cut. The stem is long, strong, light green. Hermaphrodite flowers. Ripened shoot of saturated brown color in red.
Hermaphroditic flowers are different and Montepulciano, Julian and the Memory of Dzheneev.
A photo
Photo grapes Tien Shan:
Breeding history
The homeland of this Far Eastern giant is China. “Mama” and “Papa” are Bejagan and Rosalio Bianco varieties. Habitat in the sense of fruiting - China, Japan (island of Honshu), the Far East. In Japan, first appeared in 2008.
In the south of Russia, in the Crimea and in Ukraine - the usual grape zones - it takes root well, but there are problems with yields and with rootstocks and with pollination.
Currently, the variety is being tested for adaptation to Russian and Ukrainian conditions.
Specifications
The yield in the south of the CIS is not high, in Japan and China - above average. Frost resistance is not up to par - do not declare below -23. It is afraid of excess moisture, rain, hail, spring frosts, requires mandatory shelter for the winter.
It is not resistant to diseases and parasites. According to Japanese and Chinese wine-growers, the wasps are not affected at all, only our wasps do not seem to know about this - the farmers say that they cannot do without protection with sacks, they'll tell everything. We'll have to carry out prevention and from leafworms. Sugar content of Tien Shan - 19-20% Brix.
If you are looking for more unpretentious varieties, you should pay attention to Giovanni, Aleshenkin Dar and Delight Perfect.
The growers of the Japanese city of Niigata claim that having tried the Tien Shan, you cannot go without it. They were murderously right, and not only in relation to people. Anyone of these fruit growers who once taste this variety will not refuse it in any way.
Pests
- Wasps. To protect the grapes from them, you need to pack the clusters in special fine-mesh bags.
They also perform the role of a protective agent: the berries will not suffer from sunburn and at the same time, they will receive fresh air and sun rays. In addition, it is necessary to inspect the site and all the nests found must be destroyed.
Also striped predators love to settle in the hollow pillars, which are attached to the bushes - they must be repaired all the holes. Sticky traps are also used.
- Birds.
The vineyard is fenced with a tough, solid mesh that does not allow feathered aggressors to reach the berries and prevents them from becoming entangled.
- The sheet wisp is bunched, it is a weevil. Spraying is usually done after the second summer of butterflies.
The following drugs are used: Tokution, Tsimbush, Ekamet, Tsidial, Sevin, Paration, Fozalon. Light traps do not give the desired effect.
- Felt tick. Bringing him almost harder than a phylloxera.
Fortunately, he skillfully knows how to hide - winters in grape buds and then eats them. Spraying with insecticides and acaricides is used against this enemy: Omait, Talstar, Aktellik, Neoron;
- Phylloxera. Against it, no other remedy has an effect, like volatile combustible carbon disulfide.
The trouble is that for the bush itself it is destructive, but otherwise the parasite can not be withdrawn and there will already be a question about the safety of the entire vineyard. Therefore sprayed with carbon disulfide in a concentration of 300-400 cubic centimeters per square meter.
Kustu- as lucky. However, it is advised to use a sparing dose of 80 "cubes" - farmers say that this dose is enough to keep the aphids off for a long time, and the bush has every chance to survive.
Diseases
- Mealy dew.
With mildew and oidium, the entire bush is affected, the berries are rendered unusable - they can no longer be eaten or the juice pressed from them. A good prevention against adversity is thinning, removing the stepsons, cleaning the area around the clusters from leaves.
Do not get involved in fertilizers with a high nitrogen content. Spraying fungicides are also used. These are Ridomil, Sandofan, Ditan M-45;
- Gray rot.
Spraying such as potassium iodide is effective against it - but only with minor lesions. If the bush is significantly affected, apply chemicals - Topaz, Immunocetophyte, Fundazol.
- Bacterial cancer.
Here, the most effective way to fight, as with any cancer in general, is prevention. Before buying, you need to carefully inspect the cuttings. Seedlings do not need to once again disturb or injure, because oncology can develop from any scratch. Sick bush waiting only raskorchevka and burning.
Do not forget about such common grape diseases as anthracnose, chlorosis, bacteriosis and rubella. In time taken preventive measures will secure your landing.
Tien Shan is exotic, in many respects for our compatriots not yet studied. Obviously, only experienced and skilled winegrowers can afford it on the plot - Tien-Shan will be a good challenge to their skills.
But the reward for all efforts will be high - what other variety will you find such wonderful berries with the taste of fruit lemonade, and most importantly - without the slightest sign of seeds?
Such varieties as Ruta, Chocolate and Romeo also differ in their special taste.
Recognition of neighbors and customers is guaranteed - they barely see this large, growing bunch of huge fruits that you cannot see in ordinary varieties.
