False mushrooms: species, how to distinguish and not to confuse

Many mushroom pickers like to collect mushrooms due to their group growth. These mushrooms are delicious, suitable for use in almost any culinary ideas. However, there are false doubles of honey agarics, which can accidentally end up in the basket of a mushroom picker and generate a catastrophe, called toxic poisoning. In order not to pick up in the woods a false gauze, it is necessary to know the rules for the differences between edible mushrooms from their inedible counterparts. This is what the article will be about.

What are the false mushrooms

Mycologists distinguish 5 main types of false agaric. Each of these types has some similar characteristics with edible mushrooms: color, structure of the cap, leg structure, etc.

Coniferous watery

This type of fungus is often referred to as spatially or hydrophilic psatirella. Occurs in deciduous or coniferous forests, near river banks, on stumps or wood residues. Most prevalent in Eurasia and North America. Harvest season falls in September - November.

Did you know? In antiquity, tumors were considered magical mushrooms. People believed that a treasure must be buried in the place of a large accumulation of grains.

Young representatives of this type of fungus have a bell-shaped cap, which becomes umbrella-shaped with age. A distinctive feature of a watery spit is a hat torn around the edges. Its coloring mostly depends on the degree of humidity of the growing environment: in highly humid forests the hat has a brown-chocolate color, in forests with low humidity the color approaches a cream shade.

Familiarize yourself with edible types of mushrooms.

The leg of this mushroom is erect and smooth, reaching a height of 8-10 cm and a diameter of 0.5 cm. The plates in young representatives have a light shade. Acquisition of dark tones begins as Psatirella is spherical. There are still disputes about the edibility of this representative of the world of mycology. It has been established that a watery mongrel is not capable of causing serious harm to the housing and utilities services and central nervous system organs, but still it is better not to eat it.

Swallowtail Kandoll

This mushroom has other names:

• The fragile Candall;
• Gifolom Candol.

It is found almost throughout North America, Europe and Asia. It grows in deciduous and mixed forests, is also found in gardens, in park areas, on stumps. Often grows in large groups. The period of fruiting falls at the end of May - the beginning of September. The type of cap and its change with age occurs according to the principle of the previous representative. The diameter of the cap often does not exceed 7 cm. Its color varies from creamy-white to sunny-chocolate. The flesh of Candolla has a white-cream color, a pleasant mushroom flavor and a dense structure. The plates in the young representatives are painted in a light gray color, which eventually acquires dark colors.

Important! Pastirella Candolla is a foam mill, the appearance of which is influenced by many factors: air temperature, humidity, age, area of ​​growth. Sometimes this mushroom is almost impossible to distinguish from edible mushrooms, which is why experts recommend paying special attention to the smell at the cut point (if it is unpleasant, throw out such a mushroom).

The spore powder of the Candoll lamopod differs in almost dark color, while the spores have an ellipsoidal structure. The leg has a light color and a cylindrical structure. It is characterized by small pubescence in the lower part. The height of the leg can vary from 4 to 8 cm, diameter - from 4 to 6 mm. This mushroom is considered conditionally edible, sometimes inedible. Some experienced mushroom pickers use Candol's stern powder after careful, technically correct heat treatment.

It will be interesting to learn how to distinguish pale toadstool and poisonous mushrooms growing on trees, from edible waves and boletus.

Brick wall red

This mushroom has many other names. In some literary sources there are such synonyms:

• Hypholoma perplexum;
• Hypholoma sublateritium;
• Agaricus carneolus;
• Agaricus lateritius;
• Geophila sublateritia.

Brick-red foal is growing all in the same places as his brothers. More often this representative of the world of mycology can be found on the rotting remains of hardwood. The period of active growth falls in September - November. The main difference from the true honeydew is the hat, which has a chocolate color of dark tones. In addition, its structure resembles a bell, and the color becomes lighter near the edges. The leg is straight, the inside is empty, an unpleasant smell appears at the cut point. The hat inside contains a spider veil, which eventually begins to sag. The color of the plates varies from chocolate to sunny yellow.

Did you know? All species of agarics are capable of processing practically depleted soil into biomass rich in micro- and macroelements.

Most literary sources authoritatively declare that this kind of mushroom after heat treatment can be eaten without any particular fears. However, some researchers claim that they registered the facts of poisoning with a brick-red bastard. That is why information about edibility is contradictory.

Familiarize yourself with such mushrooms as: satanic mushroom, swine and morel.

Bast slate yellow

These mushrooms are poisonous, and you can not eat them even after heat treatment. There are other names for the sulfur-yellow bastard:

• Agaricus fascicularis;
• Geophila fascicularis;
• Dryophila fascicularis.

The period of fruiting falls at the end of spring - the beginning of autumn. Habitat: North America, Europe and Northeast Asia. It grows in groups, often found on stumps, trunks of deciduous trees or near them. It prefers wet black earth forests. The bell is bell-shaped with a diameter of 2-7 cm. It has a sulfur-yellow color that becomes darker towards the center. Pulp lemon shade has an unbearably bitter taste and an unpleasant smell. The plates are small, sulfur-yellow, then acquire a grassy shade. The spores are ellipsoidal, the spore powder is chocolate colored. Leg has a length of up to 10 cm and has a lemon-yellow color. It is important to note that food poisoning occurs when eating a sulfur-yellow fungus, which is accompanied by vomiting, nausea, chills. Toxic poisoning can even lead to loss of consciousness after 2-6 hours.

Rod cone seroplastichny

Often found in the United States, Canada, Eastern and Western Europe. Prefers coniferous forests. Most often found in groups on stumps or trunks of rotting pines. The folly seroplastinchaty is also called:

• Geophila capnoides;
• Dryophila capnoides;
• Agaricus capnoides.

There are no disputes about the edibility of this type of mock sap, as it is a completely safe mushroom and is often used in cooking for preparing first and second courses. The fruiting period begins in mid-summer and lasts until the end of September. This mushroom is very similar to the poisonous sulfur-yellow foxfish. These two species are distinguished by the plate: in the poisonous representative, a clearly shifting face from yellow to green is visible, the seroplastin fungus has a plate of purely yellow or brown color (no green tones are observed).

Important! The main difference between a false scent and a true one is a ring on a leg. False films have no such ring.

The hat characteristic of all the foxes is bell-shaped. Color - light yellow, diameter - up to 8 cm. The leg is thin, with a slight bend, has a pleasant mushroom smell at the cut point. The color of the legs varies from light yellow to rust brown.

What is the difference between false mushrooms and edibles

There are a number of characteristic features that make it possible to distinguish poisonous mushrooms from edible ones. Each mushroom picker should memorize these signs, for sometimes the cost of a mistake can be health and even life.

Learn how to dry oyster mushrooms, pickle chanterelles; freeze champignons, wild mushrooms, chanterelles, oyster mushrooms and porcini mushrooms.

Colour

Experienced mushroom pickers know that the color of the cap and the legs of the false garlic has some regularities that are hard not to notice. Often inedible representatives of agaric mushrooms have a brighter, more poisonous, sharp color. Brick-red, honey-brown, orange, purple-red - hats that have the same color, as if signaling danger. Take only those mushrooms, in the edibility of which you are 100% sure.

Smell

The smell is an important distinguishing characteristic of false agarics. In the place of breakage, inedible fungi begin to emit an unpleasant smell of rot, mildew, or rotten grass. While true mushrooms have a pleasant mushroom smell, which can not be confused with anything else.

The appearance of the cap

Partially or completely covered with scales hats - this is a clear sign of real experience. False beads do not have scales on their caps, often they are shiny and smooth.

Important! The only true garbage without scales - winter. But it is impossible to find in the season of collecting foxes, so there should be no fear.

However, as aging edible mushrooms can lose the scaly structure of the cap, so if you doubt, it is better to collect only young representatives.

Very useful to eat mushrooms such as: cep, boletus, boletus and champignons.

Skirt

A skirt is one of the most important signs that you have stumbled upon a group of true honey agarics. This ring is located on the leg, slightly below the cap. False honey agarics have a skirt missing.

Records

During the collection of honey agarics, it is imperative to look under their caps (this is especially true for newcomers to the mushroom business). False representatives of honey agarics have dark yellow, slightly dirty plates, which acquire a marsh-green tint with age. While edible mushrooms have light, often creamy-yellow plates.

Taste

The signs described above should be sufficient to distinguish between edible and poisonous mush. That is why it is not recommended to taste mushrooms, if you doubt their edibility. But if you cooked a small portion of honey agaric and found bitterness in their taste, then you can be sure that you are eating poison! In this case, you should immediately flush the stomach and call an emergency team of doctors.

Signs of poisoning

Surely many know that the cases of mushroom poisoning from year to year does not become less. This may indicate inexperience of mushroom pickers or their overconfidence. But such a misfortune can happen to anyone, and you should always be able to distinguish the first signs of poisoning, in order to provide the victims with the necessary medical care as soon as possible.

Find out what edible mushrooms look like.

So, the main signs of poisoning with false-assists:

• vomiting and nausea;
• pain in the stomach, accompanied by diarrhea;
• weak pulse, low or high blood pressure;
• cold limbs;
• chills appear, body temperature rises;
• acute gastroenteritis often develops.

Did you know? Scientists have reliably established that the first honey mushrooms appeared on Earth even with dinosaurs (about 400 million years ago). Since that time, evolution has hardly affected this type of mushroom. Except that they were divided into edible and inedible.

Some representatives of fungi can cause a person to have a nervous system disorder, which is accompanied by a clouding of consciousness, hallucinations, delusions and even coma. In addition, in most cases, the blood sugar level drops sharply.

First aid

The first signs of poisoning with false-insects will begin to manifest themselves after 1-2 hours (sometimes symptoms begin to appear after 5-6 hours, it all depends on the type of fungus, the intensity of heat treatment and the number of eaten false-foams).

Prepare marinated salted mushrooms for the winter and cook caviar with them.

Before the ambulance arrives, the patient should be given the following assistance:

1. Initially, the stomach is washed with boiled water. Drink as much liquid as possible. For the best effect, water must be salted and also a little potassium permanganate should be added to it.
2. Then it is necessary to induce vomiting by any methods known to you (put pressure on the root of the tongue, drink vomit preparations, etc.).
3. Clean the bowel with an enema or laxative.
4. Drink any sorbent drug that will remove excess toxins from the body. The most simple example of a sorbent is activated carbon.
5. To relieve pain in the abdomen, which is caused by spasms, it is necessary to take antispasmodics. A vivid example of antispasmodics is “No-shpa” or any drugs based on “Drotaverin”.
6. Because of the poisoning, the legs and arms begin to freeze, so you need to come up with special heating pads or bowls with warm water, where the patient can put the limbs and heat up.
7. Be sure to use a lot of warm fluid, as poisoning causes dehydration. But water with gas is better not to use, as it can increase the pain in the abdomen.

Important! Try not to give the patient nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the relief of pain (Analgin, Diclofenac, Nalgezin" etc.). Preparations from this group harm the gastric mucosa, which is already damaged by the toxic components of the fungi.

If you have the opportunity to deliver the patient to a medical facility on your own, it is better not to wait for the ambulance team, because sometimes mushroom poisoning can cause serious consequences (botulism, gastroenteritis). First aid in case of poisoning with mushrooms. In this article, we tried to fully and most reliably describe the differences between false eggs and edible mushrooms. Be sure to use this information and do not risk your health and the health of your loved ones.

Video: how to distinguish real mushrooms from false and inedible mushrooms

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