Growing grapes is a complex and multi-step procedure. There are several ways to grow this berry in your backyard. One of them - with the help of cuttings, or chubukov. Consider how you can grow this culture at home with the help of small and properly prepared seedlings.
What is chubuk in gardening
The word "Chubuk" is of Turkic origin, and was borrowed into Russian during the rule of the Golden Horde in our open spaces. The literal translation of this word is “thin twig or wand”.
Interestingly, the word has several other meanings: a bighorn sheep with hollow horns, a wooden hollow rod, on which a smoking pipe is placed, and a grape seedling or cutting. 
In this article, we will focus on grape spikes and the method of increasing with the help of their number of vines on the site.
Cubuk in gardening is a vine segment with several buds on it.
This way of growing grapes is the easiest, most reliable and even for beginners.
Read how to grow grapes from the stone.
Chubuk billet
If you properly prepare planting material, it will speed up the first harvest on the new vine.
Optimal timing
Future seedlings are cut in the fall from a one-year-old vine, after the first frost, when the planned pruning of grapes is made. This is done from about the end of October to the beginning of December.
It is during this period that the vine contains the optimum amount of sugars, starch and other nutrients.
Also by this time, the vine has already passed hardening with temperature regimes from +5 to -5 degrees. 
How to choose chubuk for germination
The most suitable for harvesting vine - fruit. It is desirable that it was a whip that brought large clusters, well developed and about a pencil-thick (6-8 mm) thick.
Important! To avoid infection, cut the blanks from the vine with a clean and sharp knife.
Cuttings are cut from 50 to 70 centimeters in length with an oblique cut, about 2-3 centimeters above the knot. Harvested material from a healthy plant.
For this you need to conduct a preliminary study to the branches there were no traces of a dangerous fungal disease of grapes - oidium, as well as traces of hail damage and other defects.
In color, healthy branches should be golden straw or light brown. To the touch - hard and when bent should crackle.
Video: how to properly prepare and select the chubuk
Planting storage rules
After harvesting chubukov it is important to remember that they should not be left outdoors for long. In the day they can lose up to 2% moisture. And if the losses amount to 35%, then the survival rate of each cutting will fall to half. In order to preserve the moisture content, it is necessary to make sure that the antennae or the leg of the cluster remain at each end of the cut — there is a protective membrane in these interstices that prevents moisture loss.
The next step after cutting Chubukov will soak them.. For this, the blanks are placed in a bucket of water for several hours (from 6 to 8). They can be soaked as they are cut from a bush, having previously placed a bucket of water in the vineyard. 
After soaking the planting material should be a little ventilated, then it is desirable to treat it with a biological product with high fungicidal and bactericidal activity.
Important! The cuttings left in the sun lose practically all of their moisture in a few hours, so their survival is out of the question.
After all the above steps, the harvesting of the chubuki needs to be decided by which method you want to preserve them during hibernation. Here are some of them:
- in a refrigerator;
- in the ground;
- in the cellar of a private house.
Now consider each method separately.
Keep grape cuttings in the refrigerator if you have a few of them and you don’t have a basement or the ability to keep them in the ground. For this:
- Ready-made chubuki need to wrap a natural clean cloth, pre-moisten it in water.
- Then put them in plastic bags, not tying them tightly together, but leaving a small hole for air exchange, and place them on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator.
- It is important not to forget to periodically check the humidity of the fabric with which you wrapped the planting material, and, if necessary, wet it with water. As soon as a characteristic musty smell appears, the fabric should be replaced with a new one.
Video: how to store planting material in the refrigerator
When harvesting a large number of cuttings can be stored in the ground. To do this, you need to choose the storage location.
Check out the best varieties: early, nutmeg, table, white, pink, black, cold-resistant, unopened and technical grapes.
At the same time, a lowland place is not suitable, as well as a depression, where moisture from melting snow in the spring can collect. A suitable place on the site may be a hill. So, your actions with this storage method:
- Dig a trench 80-100 cm deep.
- Pour slightly wet sand with a layer of 5 cm at the bottom of the trench.
- Tightly lay the pipe on the bottom of the trench.
- Pour wet sand on top with a layer of 10 cm.
- Pour the earth on a layer of sand with a layer of 30 cm.
- Cover the vault on top with slate or other suitable material.
- Make a groove so that there is a flow of water.
Video on how to store grape chubuk in the ground
If there is a cellar or basement in your compound, then it is better to keep prepared chubuki in it.
Here is the storage process:
- Be sure to treat the planting material with a 3% solution of iron or copper sulphate (200 ml of water plus 1 teaspoon of solution) for the prevention of mold and fungal infections. Then the vine must be allowed to dry;
- bundle the processed cuttings and place them in bags of polyethylene with wet coniferous sawdust, leaving the bags ajar for ventilation or making several holes in them. This method of preservation contributes to the accumulation of carbon dioxide, which serves as a preservative from harmful microflora and helps reduce the consumption of carbohydrates for the respiration of the vine. During the storage of the vine, it is imperative to check the moisture of the sawdust and, if necessary, to moisten it periodically.
Did you know? Jesus Christ in the Bible symbolically called himself the true vine.
You can keep chubukov and prikopah in the cellar. To do this, dig a hole 15-20 centimeters deep, the workpieces are placed in it and filled with earth.
The best indicators for hibernation of the vine is the temperature from 0 to +5 degrees. If you maintain such a working temperature, then cuttings will suffice carbohydrates for more than six months. But if the basement is warmer, then the nutrient reserves will be enough for only 3-4 months.
Video: storage grape chubukov in the basement
How to sprout chubuk
After hibernation, the cuttings need to be prepared for germination.
When to get branches for germination
In February, chubuki should be removed from the storage and carefully examined. Quality grape branches should be resilient and hydrated, and the cuts themselves are bright green in color.
Treatment and germination after wintering
As already mentioned, after wintering, you need to carefully examine the branches and carry out the necessary processing. If they are too dry or mold has formed on them, the necessary measures should be taken: the mold from the grape segments is removed by wiping them with a cloth or a soft pile brush.
If the bark shriveled and showered, then you need to soak the vine in the stimulator for 2 days.
After soaking, you need to take out the chubukas from the solution and cut off the excess part from them on both sides: above the upper kidney - oblique cut at a distance of 3 cm above it, and at the bottom - an even cut just below the internode. The middle kidney is usually removed.
Video: how to germinate grapes from chubukov
After the trimming procedure, place each segment in a separate container or jar of water for further germination. The water in the vessels should be at a constant level - under the lowest kidney and in no case close it (up to 3 cm).
To do this, you need to monitor this regularly and add water as needed to the desired level.
In order to wake up the root system from hibernation, you need to add "Kornevin" to the water. It will also be useful to add activated carbon so that the water in the tanks does not stagnate. Then the dishes with the material to be placed on the windowsill on the south side, where a lot of sunlight.
Did you know? On our planet, about 80 thousand square kilometers are occupied by gardens with vineyards.
You can additionally create greenhouse seedlings if you put a plastic bag on each of them: the humidity in such a bag will be higher than in the room.
In order to speed up the rooting of the chubukas, containers with them can be placed on a warm base, for example, on a sheet of metal, which can be placed on top of the radiator battery. In this case, the temperature in the containers with blanks should be no higher than 25 degrees.
After 5-8 days (depending on the variety), buds will start to bud, and in a week - roots will appear. It is impossible to prevent overgrowth of the roots by more than 1 centimeter, since the longer roots can break off during planting. 
Planting chubukov and care for seedlings
Now it's time for intermediate germination of the chubukas before planting them in open ground.
Optimal timing
The most suitable time for a temporary landing is the beginning of April. Before that, when it will be possible to plant them in open ground, enough time will pass. During this period, planting material is well rooted and hardened.
Selection of soil and pot
Plant material is planted in any suitable container with an optimal volume of 0.5-1 liter. For this fit:
- peat pots;
- plastic bottles cut in half;
- plastic containers;
- plastic beer glasses;
- packages from kefir or milk.
Now about the composition of the land mix for filling tanks (all in 1 part):
- part of the humus;
- part of sod land;
- part of the universal land mix purchased in the store;
- a piece of sand or perlite.
Landing pattern
The cuttings are planted as follows:
- 1/4 of the capacity to gently deepen the heel of the cutting, taking care not to break off the delicate roots. This depth of planting is necessary so that in the container with the substrate there is more room for the development of the root system. Then sprinkle the chubuk with the substrate and pour a layer of sawdust on top. Sawdust will not allow moisture to evaporate excessively.
- After landing, they should be well watered.
- Place the seedlings on trays in a warm room without drafts.
How to care for grapes
Further care of the grapes saplings is as follows:
- keep the room temperature + 20 ... +25 degrees;
- regularly loosen the soil in containers with seedlings;
- moderate watering through pallets with separated warm water;
- after two weeks, take out the seedlings in warm weather to fresh air for hardening.
Important! On the harvested cuttings it is necessary to bind a label of a non-rotting material with the name of the grape variety, so as not to confuse the variety later.
Planting seedlings in open ground
The term of planting grapes in open ground should be determined depending on weather conditions. The weather should be warm and stable, the air should warm up to +15 degrees, and the soil should be up to +10.
This is the most optimal temperature for the growing season seedlings. In different regions, this happens at different times. In any case, the landing in open ground should be made not earlier than mid-May, when there will be no threat of spring frosts. 
When the warm weather is stable, you need to start planting grapes directly. For this you need:
- Dig shallow pits, about 2 bayonets deep and 50 cm wide. The distance between the pits should be such that the seated chubuks are located approximately 1 meter apart from each other.
- Insert 1.5 meter long pegs into the bottom of the holes for tying grapes.
- At the bottom you need to pour a little superphosphate and ash for better rooting of seedlings.
- In the middle of the holes, pour a small mound out of the ground and put a seedling on it in a container, after cutting off the bottom from it.
- Carefully cut along the container with chubuk, without damaging the roots.
- Fill the cubicle with earth so that the lower kidney is 2-3 centimeters higher than the ground level.
- Lightly tamp the ground around the bushes and tie them to the pegs with a twine, without tightening it tight.
- Carefully pour seedlings with water from a watering can. For watering will need about 1 bucket of water per bush.
Video: planting grapes
You will be interested to know what are useful: grape vinegar, grape juice, grape seeds and grape leaf.
Thus, with proper harvesting and storage of grape-cubs, as well as their further sprouting and planting in open ground, young bushes can develop within the first year and become healthy and fruitful vines to the joy of their owners.
