Now gardeners have great interest in dwarf and semi-dwarf varieties of apple trees.
These trees take up little space, so you can plant more apples of different varieties on the plot, they are low, it is easier to pick apples, they have a friendly ripening fruit, very high yield, fruiting comes quickly enough - 4-5 years after landing.
The only drawback of such apple trees is that they do not live long, only 15-20 years.
Now many varieties of dwarf apple trees have been bred, so you can choose a suitable tree for all parameters.
Apple tree Bratchud ─ relatively new variety dwarf apple, description and photo of which is further in the article.
What kind is it?
Bratchud refers to the winter varieties.
After collecting apples of this variety are stored 140 days.
It is better to place the fruits in wooden boxes with large openings and place them in a dark, cool place with air temperature. 10-15 degrees.
Well kept in cellars in special compartments, but by no means along with potatoes.
The winter varieties of apple trees also include: Bryansk Golden, Venyaminovskoe, Zvezdochka, Rennet Chernenko and Snowdrop.
For pollination, bratchud is best planted next to the varieties of Sokolovskoye, snowdrop, wonderful, mundane, carpet.
Bratchud variety description
Consider separately the appearance of the apple and fruit.
Apple Tree Bratchud ─ undersized dwarf. Its height on seed stocks 2.7 meterson clone from 1.2 to 2 meters.
The crown of the tree is flat-rounded. Young shoots are thin, greenish-brown, fast growing.
Apples come in ribbed, medium sized, oblong in shape, on the side of the fruit there is a characteristic seam.
The skin is rather thin, shiny, green-yellow with ruddy barrels. The flesh is white, coarse. Apple has a sweet and sour taste. Fruit weight from 140 to 250 grams.
Other apple varieties, such as Orlovsky pioneer, Molodezhny, Aromatny, Skala and Orlinka, can boast of excellent taste.
A photo
Breeding history
Bratchud was bred by employees of the South Ural Research Institute for Fruit Growing.
In the course of working on him crossed hybrids Ural Winter varieties with Vydubetskoy weeping.
In 2002, new apple trees were successfully zoned. The name comes from the merger of two words: the wonderful brother. The wonderful variety is also bred at this institute.
By the way, originally the variety was called a complete phrase: the wonderful brother, and only then the short form bratchud formed.
Region of growth and distribution
The first apple trees of this variety were planted in areas South Ural and Siberia. In the future, the variety was adapted for areas Altai, regions of the European North-West.
According to its characteristics can grow in all regions of Russia.
Winter hardy tree. Maintains frosts to -40 degrees. Winter-hardy varieties also include: Veteran, Winter Beauty, Moscow Late, Orlovskoye Polesye and Ostankino.
Yield
Fruiting regular, annual, comes already in the fourth year after landing.
From the tree is removed up to 120 kg of apples. Fruits ripen by the end of September.
Also high yields are different varieties: Jonathan, Volzhanka, Welsey, Ural bulk and Lobo.
Planting and care
Planting apple varieties Bratchud is made standard, as with other species.
The best time to plant an apple of this variety ─ Spring. If there is a need to plant an apple tree in the autumnthen it is worth doing no later than the end of September ─ the beginning of October.
Ideally, the apple tree should be planted on fertile soil, then a good harvest is almost guaranteed.
But bratchud grows and bears fruit and on sandy and clay soil. It is better to choose for it protected from the wind areas of the garden.
Pit for landing do square, half a meter wide and deep. At the bottom of the pit is to lay peat or humus.
The distance between the apple stand up to 3 meters.
Before planting the roots carefully straighten.
The seedling is placed in a hole and buried. to the vaccination site. After landing, pour three buckets of water.
The first time after planting the apple tree Bratchud needs good watering every two to three weeks until the end of summer.
Before fruiting an apple tree watered three to five times a year, at a time up to five buckets of water. Three years after planting, the apple tree is watered with a solution of mineral fertilizers. The soil under the apple tree is weeded and loosened.
The root system of such apple trees is close to the surface of the earth, and therefore they need shelter for the winter.
It helps to winter without damage. If the apple tree Bratchud grows on the site with high groundwater, then prewinter watering should not be carried out.
Dwarf Apple Bratchud need pruning, thanks to which the fruits are placed on the crown of the tree evenly. This is also necessary for the removal of weak shoots, so that the apple tree does not spend forces on them.
When pruning removed long weak branches and stock, thin out excess density, but at the same time on the crown do not leave empty places.
It is recommended to trim the upper kidneys.leaving for quality development are average.
This is done in the spring, but grown at the base of the tree.
Diseases and pests
Tree can be hit scab. Its disputes are easily carried by the wind. It can be detected by examining the leaves from all sides.
If there are oily bright green spots on the reverse side, which may eventually turn brownish-olive, then this means that the tree is affected by scab.
From the leaves //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html goes to the fruit, they crack, scab penetrates inside, while the crop is lost forever. Especially great danger of such a lesion in wet years.
For the prevention of defeat scab apple sprayed with 3% Bordeaux liquid early spring, then spraying can be repeated at the stage of buds. After harvesting you need spray the tree with 5% urea.
Methods of treating an already affected tree depend on the period at which the infection began:
- during the blooming of the kidneys sprayed with 3% Bordeaux liquid;
- in the period of the appearance of buds ─1% Bordeaux liquid and copper oxychloride;
- after flowering, one of the fungicide preparations;
- after the fruits are collected, 5% urea solution.
Do not neglect and prevention against major pests of apple orchards. For example, against a fruit sapwood, apple miner moth, haws, pinworm and silkworms. Which of them are most effective read in separate articles of our site.
The main advantage of the Bratchud variety is its good yield, presentation and high quality of fruits, therefore, these apple trees occupied an honorable place in gardens throughout Russia, along with other dwarfs.
