Golshtinsky (Holstein-Friesian) dairy breed of cows - one of the most popular and popular in the world.
The most common it received in USA, Canada, some European countries, but now actively grown in other parts of the world.
The history of the Holstein breed
This wonderful breed has an interesting history. She happens from dutch black and white cowsbrought in USA back at the beginning of the last century. The first such Burenka was bought by an American farmer. V. Cheneri in 1852 in the Netherlands.
He appreciated the productivity of the breed, and as a result of many years of breeding work, he brought out a new, more promising. Initially she is Holstein-Friesianbut in the early 1980s got the name Golshtinsky.
AT 1861 she is officially recognized in America, and 10 years later, the Holstein-Frisian Breeding Society was created, and their tribal book appeared. TO 1905 in the country there were already more than 7,000 heads of this species.
The animals were distinguished by high yield and excellent quality of the milk produced.. Holstein-friezes are still used in breeding for crossing with other, less promising dairy breeds.
There are also other types of dairy cows, such as: Black motley, Jersey, Simmental, Aishir, Red Steppe, Yaroslavl, Kholmogory.
Appearance of cows
The main feature of Holsteins is coloring. She is necessarily white with large black spots.
There are individuals of pure black color, but there are always small white markings on the legs and tail.
Distinctive features:
- a large, high-set bowl-shaped udder;
- chest depth 80-87 cmwidth 65 cm;
- wide strong back;
- long, well-developed shoulders;
- back up to 63 cm;
- the body is large, wedge-shaped.
The main feature of the form is considered very high performance and large udder size.
Specifications
Golshtinsky - the dairy cow in the world. Milk yield and fat content depend on the conditions of maintenance and nutrition. For example, in Israel from one individual can get about 10 tons of milk per year, with fat content not more than 3%. AT America These figures are slightly different: 8 tons per yearbut fat content more than 3.5%.
During the day one ladybug is able to give more than 70 kg of milk. WITHmilk flow rate when milking, roughly 2.5 kg / min.
The weight of an adult animal may vary. from 600 (heifers) up to 1000 kg (bulls). With enhanced nutrition, these indicators can be increased to 900 and 1300 kg, respectively. The height at the withers of a cow is about 145 cm, and the bull - more than 1.5 m.
Newborns calves weigh an average of 35-45 kg. Growing up and gaining chicks wake up quickly. By the year they have weight is 250-300 kgthat for the dairy species is not typical. But their meat productivity is rather low, not more than 60%.
A photo
Photo "Golshtinskoy" breed cows:
Nutrition and care
Holstein cows are very fastidious and demanding on nutrition and maintenance. In the conditions of Siberia, the northern regions of Russia, they almost do not survive. They require special hygienic standards and temperature indicators, need regular cleaning and cleaning of the stall, bathing and fresh bedding.
In farms, they are maintained predominantly in a loose way. If these requirements are not followed, animals experience a decrease in immunity.. They may be subject to infectious diseases.
Important: Not recommended for adult transportation.. They do not tolerate transportation and any medical procedures due to their high sensitivity to stress.
Any deviation from the usual conditions reduced milk yield and weight of the animal. These cows need a strong, balanced and varied diet.
In winter in their diet certainly must be present corn, bean grass, meal-rich meals, vitamins and minerals, root crops, silage, high-quality hay. Summer need to provide power fresh grass and feed.
Diseases
Holstein cows differ excellent health. They are very energetic, and can only get sick if they do not follow the rules of maintenance.
If a not enough attention to cleanliness and hygienethen an animal may be infected with infectious diseaseseg necrobacteriosis or leptospirosis.
The treatment is carried out after a veterinary examination, by intramuscular injection. antibiotics.
Important: With content on drafts there is risk of mastitis.
Unfortunately, longevity of cows is extremely small. As a rule, they maintain no more than 3 calvings.
Breeding rules
In breeding of the breed, quality sires play a primary role. Often they are used for crossing with representatives of other breeds, in order to increase productivity. Dilution for milk production is quite profitable, but only if it is properly maintained.
These animals are the basis of breeding in many countries. The main task of breeding is to increase not only dairy indicators, but also meat. To increase the yield once a year you need compulsory insemination.
In breeding and rearing Holsteins, it is important to ensure not only good nutrition, but also strictly adhere to the rules of content. When choosing a cow, it should be borne in mind that this is in itself rather expensive breed. In addition, requiring a lot of money for feeding and maintenance. Pays off itself Holstein cow only in the case of competent care.
