Pathologies in the reproduction of offspring are quite common among mammals and other vertebrates. The well-known name of this process - infertility - can often be found in veterinary practice. This term is used both for males and females of animals, but today we will talk about this phenomenon in females - in domestic cows. Let us analyze in detail what the causes of this phenomenon are and what to do in the case when the chick does not give the expected offspring and milk.
What does a yellow cow mean
Cow infertility is called barrenness, which in relation to the female cows means that it is impossible for the female to become pregnant within 3 months after the last calving. Yalovosti in cows is measured by the period.
The countdown of this period begins from the 90th day after the birth of the last calf and ends with the beginning of a new period of pregnancy for the female.
Learn more interesting facts about cows.
Cows remain barren: why and what to do?
The causes of barrenness are various disturbances in the work of both reproductive and other body systems, which are provoked by internal and external factors. But even elementary violations of diet, insemination and care can provoke infertility of the heifer.
The most common causes include:
- unsanitary conditions of the animal;
- violation of the diet;
- violations in the introduction of the cow into sexual reproduction (or too early mating, or late insemination);
- milking with procedural violations.
Yalovy cows are a serious problem for the economy and can cause large losses, so competent owners pay great attention to the conditions of detention and the health of their cows.Underdeveloped chicks
One of the causes of barrenness, which unfortunately has farmers, is disappointingly predicted in terms of the cure, is the incomplete formation of the chick's reproductive system during its first insemination.
Identify underdeveloped cows can be on the following criteria:
- low body weight;
- undeveloped udder;
Important! With too early insemination of livestock, half of calving ends with the barrenness of heifers. These consequences develop because of the immaturity of the reproductive system of the cow, which in subsequent attempts at conception can reject the fetus.When the female becomes pregnant very early, the pregnancy can last normally, but the hormonal imbalance that follows the birth of the calf can cause infertility.
Poor feeding
The mistakes of the owner include common flaws in the part of cattle nutrition:
- The protein level in the animal's diet is too low (less than 60-80 g of protein per day, depending on the size of the cow).
- On the contrary, excessive feeding of the female, which can result not only in obesity, but also in hormonal imbalance, which, in turn, will lead to changes in the tissues of the reproductive system of the cow.
- Incorrect proportions of proteins and carbohydrates. The normal ratio is 80-150 g of pure carbohydrates per 100 g of proteins.
- Deficiency of vitamins and microelements.
Did you know? Zoologists counted 11 different options. "melodies "cow mooing.
Bad conditions of detention
In the general instructions regarding violations on the part of the owner, it was noted that the sanitary conditions of the animal are important for the health of the heifer. 
Conditions that are different from normal content requirements are considered bad:
- Temperature. If the air temperature in the stall is below 7 ° C or above 15 ° C, then this temperature will be uncomfortable for the female cow, which can cause corresponding diseases and a general weakening of the body.
- Humidity. For proper cow keeping, the humidity in the room should be at 70%.
- Illumination. There must be enough light in the stall so that the animal receives an adequate amount of vitamin D even without grazing outside. Low illumination will be fraught with unnecessary stress and a decrease in milk production.
- Sanitation. The stall should be clean and the litter should change frequently and be dry. Lack of cleanliness in the room can cause infections in the animal’s body and a general decrease in immune resistance to various pathogens.
Incorrect milking
Failure to follow the rules of milking can also lead to the development of cow material. An incompletely udder can eventually turn into mastitis — an inflammation of the mammary glands in an animal.
Familiarize yourself with the milking features of a cow, and also find out if milking machines are good for cows.
Since the mammary glands are also part of the reproductive system of the animal, the inflammatory processes in the udder can cause temporary rawness. 
Genital anomaly
An extremely internal cause of infertility in a cow can be the abnormal development of the organs of the reproductive system. Such genetic errors are formed even during fetal development.
Especially common are such anomalies:
- Freemartinism. This is a pathology that is also known as "false hermaphroditism." It is characterized by overdevelopment of the clitoris in a cow, as well as underdevelopment of certain genital organs. This anomaly arises in cases when calving occurs by opposite-sex twins, as a result of which the bull has developed normally, and the calf has remained underdeveloped.
- Hermaphroditism. An abnormal development of the urogenital system, which is characterized by pathology of the genital organs of the XX and XY-type due to genetic failure in cell division. Thus, the presence of the primary sexual characteristics of the male and female due to the mosaicity of the cells, where some of the cells of the body have both the "female" and the "male" set of chromosomes, develops.
- Infantilism. This anomaly is characterized by the underdevelopment of the genital organs in an individual due to the insufficient activity of the pituitary gland in the production of growth hormones. This anomaly relates not only to the genitals, but also to the endocrine system as a whole.
Read more about what to do if a cow has udder swelling, and also find out why a cow has white discharge.
In rare cases, the chick may be missing some parts of the reproductive system (fallopian tube, cervix, ovaries). 
Immune factor of barley
It manifests itself due to the influence of various factors on the reproductive system of the cow and the organism as a whole (be it too frequent insemination, injuries of the genital organs, inflammation in the reproductive system, incorrect introduction of the seed into the female reproductive system).
As a result of such stimuli, the chick develops an autoimmune reaction to the seminal fluid of the male. The bull’s seed is perceived by the female’s immunity as a foreign substance and, accordingly, the body of the female cow produces special antibodies to this irritant, which can be stored in her body for 8 weeks.
Did you know? Cows have friendly social bonds, the manifestation of which is expressed in licking each other.These antibodies accumulate in the female's vaginal secretions, and despite the fact that pregnancy itself with such a reaction is possible, in most cases the fetus freezes during the first months of development.
Violations of the rules of insemination and calving
This reason refers to the external factors of development of barley in cows. In this case, the concept of "improper insemination" means poor selection of material for insemination, frequent insemination of a cow, kinship in crossed cows, errors in the technology of sperm injection, rough and traumatic handling of chicks, lack of adherence to sanitary norms of insemination. 
Violation of the process of natural childbirth
Some livestock breeders who want to quickly remove the calf from the womb of the mother, interfere with the natural process of carrying with the help of brute force. Most often, farmers use brute force in the form of pulling the fetus out of the womb, or pierce the birth bubble for preterm labor.
Such measures very often entail trauma to the fetus and genitals of the female cow, which later becomes the cause of barley.
Important! Farmers are strictly forbidden to carry out the unauthorized extraction of the fetus from the uterus. The only exception is the case of extreme necessity, when the health of the cow or calf is threatened by the further course of gestation and childbirth.
Is it possible to break a cow
During the period of barrow, cows can give milk, but their volumes will differ from those expected for the worse. Milk cow has a high fat content, and the animal receives the necessary vitamins from the feed.
Therefore, in order to properly irritate the female, you need to carefully consider her diet and lifestyle. It is important to observe the necessary ratio of carbohydrates and fiber per liter of milk during the period of the milk out. It is necessary to make a diet, where per 1000 g of root crops account for 300 g of cereals. With regard to purchased feed, it is better to pay attention to feed containing cake, meal and molasses. 
These nutrients are very helpful in producing and preserving the energy that the cow will need to restore reproductive function. Before the immediate act of milking, it is necessary to wash the cow and disinfect its udder.
Milking a cow should be slow and measured so as not to create excessive stress and possible injuries for the female cow. As already noted, it is necessary to ensure that the milk from the udder is dispensed to the end, so as not to create unnecessary risks of developing diseases.
Breeding cows is associated with the risk of developing diseases such as mastitis, actinomycosis, vaginitis, ketosis, pasteurellosis, foot and mouth disease, and cysticercosis.
Prevention of infertility in cows
Unfortunately, there is no such preparation, which at the time cured the animal from barley. In order not to face such an unpleasant problem, farmers need to take comprehensive measures to prevent the development of infertility.
Especially it is worth paying attention to such factors:
- Care that meets the necessary health care standards.
- Compliance with the basic rules of the formulation of the diet (the correct ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates). Prefer a large amount of hay and root crops, rather than silage.
- Carrying out planned gynecological examinations at the veterinarian at least once a year.
So, infertility in cows is a very unpleasant problem that any farmer can face. In order to avoid haze, one must be attentive to the living conditions of the cows and pay attention in time to their health.
Also remember about veterinarians who can prevent many diseases or cure pre-existing problems in the early stages of development.
